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21.
Enhanced creaming of milk fat globules in milk emulsions by the application of ultrasound and detection by means of optical methods 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Juliano P Kutter A Cheng LJ Swiergon P Mawson R Augustin MA 《Ultrasonics sonochemistry》2011,18(5):963-973
The effects of application of ultrasonic waves to recombined milk emulsions (3.5% fat, 7% total solids) and raw milk on fat destabilization and creaming were examined. Coarse and fine recombined emulsions (D[4,3]=9.3 μm and 2.7 μm, respectively) and raw milk (D[4,3]=4.9 μm) were subjected to ultrasound for 5 min at 35°C and 400 kHz or 1.6 MHz (using a single transducer) or 400 kHz (where the emulsion was sandwiched between two transducers). Creaming, as calculated from Turbiscan measurements, was more evident in the coarse recombined emulsion and raw milk compared to that of the recombined fine emulsion. Micrographs confirmed that there was flocculation and coalescence in creamed layer of emulsion. Coalescence was confirmed by particle size measurement. These results imply that ultrasound has potential to pre-dispose fat particles in milk emulsions to creaming in standing wave systems and in systems with inhomogeneous sound distributions. 相似文献
22.
Recently developed continuum phase field models for brittle fracture show excellent modeling capability in situations with complex crack topologies including branching in the small and large strain applications. This work presents a generalization towards fully coupled multi-physics problems at large strains. A modular concept is outlined for the linking of the diffusive crack modeling with complex multi field material response, where the focus is put on the model problem of finite thermo-elasticity. This concerns a generalization of crack driving forces from the energetic definitions towards stress-based criteria, the constitutive modeling of degradation of non-mechanical fluxes on generated crack faces. Particular assumptions are made on the generation of convective heat exchanges approximating surface load integrals of the sharp crack approach by distinct volume integrals. The coupling effect is also shown in generation of cracks due to thermally induced stress states. We finally demonstrate the performance of the phase field formulation of fracture at large strains by means of representative numerical examples. (© 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
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24.
Nanocrystalline CuFe2O4 and CuFe2O4/xSnO2 nanocomposites (x=0, 1, 5 wt%) have been successfully synthesized by one-pot reaction of urea-nitrate combustion method. The transmission electron microscope study reveals that the particle size of the as synthesized CuFe2O4 and CuFe2O4/5 wt%SnO2 are 10 and 20 nm, respectively. The SnO2 coating on the nanocrystalline CuFe2O4 was confirmed from HRTEM studies. The resultant products were sintered at 1100 °C and characterized by XRD and SQUID for compound formation and magnetic studies, respectively. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows the well-defined sharp peak that confirms the phase pure compound formation of tetragonal CuFe2O4. The zero field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) magnetization was performed using SQUID magnetometer from 2 to 350 K and the magnetic hysteresis measurement was carried out to study the magnetic properties of nanocomposites. 相似文献
25.
Preparation, Isolation, and Characterization of Mixed Selenocyanatoethylenediamine Chromium(III) Complexes cis-[Cr(NCSe)4(en)]? and cis-[Cr(NCSe)2(en)2]+ are prepared for the first time. They are separated by column chromatography on alumina and characterized by the chromium content and the spectra. 相似文献
26.
In this contribution a new constitutive model of finite thermo-visco-plastic behavior of amorphous glassy polymers and details of its numerical implementation are outlined. In contrast to existing kinematical approaches to finite plasticity of glassy polymers, the formulation applies a plastic metric theory based on an additive split of Lagrangian Hencky-type strains into elastic and plastic parts [1, 3]. The characteristic strain hardening of the model is derived from a polymer network model, the thermo-visco-plastic flow rule in the logarithmic strain space uses structures of the free volume flow theory [4]. The integration of this micromechanically motivated approach in a three-dimensional computational model is the key novel aspect of this work. An important aspect of this work is the model validation based on experimental findings, whereas the excellent performance of the proposed formulation is demonstrated by means of numerical examples. (© 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
27.
The intention of this work is the basic investigations of the fouling behavior in micro heat exchangers. Therefore fouling experiments with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in an experimental micro heat exchanger were carried out and observed with a digital microscope. The investigations included local temperature measurements confirmed by computational fluid dynamics simulation as well as optical visualization of the fouling process inside the microchannels. The detected fouling resistances R f were in the range of 10?5–10?4 m2 K W?1. Cleaning in place was possible and also optically observed. 相似文献
28.
We consider linear dynamical systems including random parameters for uncertainty quantification. A sensitivity analysis of the stochastic model is applied to the input-output behaviour of the systems. Thus the parameters that contribute most to the variance are detected. Both intrusive and non-intrusive methods based on the polynomial chaos yield the required sensitivity coefficients. We use this approach to analyse a test example from electrical engineering. (© 2013 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
29.
André U. Augustin Prof. Dr. Peter G. Jones Prof. Dr. Daniel B. Werz 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(50):11620-11624
A 1,3-aminothiolation was realized by reacting 2-substituted cyclopropane 1,1-dicarboxylates with sulfonamides and N-(arylthio)succinimides. Under Sn(OTf)2 catalysis the transformation proceeded smoothly to the corresponding ring-opened products bearing the sulfonamide in the 1-position next to the donor and the arylthio residue in the 3-position next to the acceptor. The procedure was extended to the corresponding selenium analogues by employing N-(phenylseleno)succinimides as an electrophilic selenium source. 相似文献
30.
Dr. Gijs M. ter Huurne Dr. Pongphak Chidchob Dr. Augustin Long Prof. Alexandre Martinez Prof. Anja R. A. Palmans Dr. Ghislaine Vantomme 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,26(44):9964-9970
The design and the characterization of supramolecular additives to control the chain length of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) cooperative supramolecular polymers under thermodynamic equilibrium is unraveled. These additives act as chain cappers of supramolecular polymers and feature one face as reactive as the BTA discotic to interact strongly with the polymer end, whereas the other face is nonreactive and therefore impedes further polymerization. Such a design requires fine tuning of the conformational preorganization of the amides and the steric hindrance of the motif. The chain cappers studied are monotopic derivatives of BTA, modified by partial N-methylation of the amides or by positioning of a bulky cyclotriveratrylene cage on one face of the BTA unit. This study not only clarifies the interplay between structural variations and supramolecular interactions, but it also highlights the necessity to combine orthogonal characterization methods, spectroscopy and light scattering, to elucidate the structures and compositions of supramolecular systems. 相似文献